Contents
PART X—ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS
Chapter PaPc
1 Blow back 3
Blowback Operation 3
Behavior of Cartridge Case 3
Phase 1 5
Phase 2 5
Phase 3
Conclusions
Chamber Pressure '
Case Movement ?
Lubrication 8
Cartridge Case W
Blowback Systems 11
Plain Blowback System 1 1
Cycle of Opera I ion 12
Analysis of Plain Blowback 12
Mathematical Analysis of Plain Blowback 16
1. Determination of Bole Weight 18
2. Determination of Driving Spring Design Data 21
3. Derivation of Bolt Motion Equations 23
4. Development of Theoretical Time-Travel and Time-Velocity
Curves 24
5. Note Concerning Driving Springs 28
Blowback System With Advanced Primer Ignition 20
Cycle of Operation 30
Analysis of Advanced Primer Ignition 30
Mathematical Analysis of Advanced Primer Ignition 33
1. Determination of Bolt Weight 33
2. Determination of Driving Spring Design Data 36
3. Bolt Motion Equations 38
4. Development of Theoretical Time-Travel and Time-Velocity
Curves 39
Delayed Blowback System 42
Cycle of Operation 4.>
Analysis of Delayed Blowback 4.>
Mathematical Analysis of Delayed Blowback 45
1. Conditions of Free Recoil Before Unlocking 45
2. Effect of Springs Before Unlocking 46
3. Theoretical Time-Travel arid Time-Velocity Curves Before
Unlocking 46
4. Barrel Motion After Unlocking 48
5. Bolt Motion After Unlocking ^
Retarded Blowback System 54
Cycle of Operation 55
Analysis of Retarded Blowback 55
Mathematical Analysis of Retarded Blowback 58
1. Initial Retardation Effect ^8
2. Analysis of Bolt Motion 60
Chapter Page
2 Recoil Operation 63
Principles of Recoil 63
Recoil Operation 65
Rccoil Svstems 65
Long Recoil System 66
Cycle of Operation 66
Analysis of Long Rccoil. . 68
Mathematical Analysis of Long Recoil 71
1. Condition of Free Rccoil 73
2. Determination of Spring Design Data 76
3. Derivation of Recoil Equations 70
4. Development of Theoretical Time-Travel and rime-Velocity
Curves 80
Short Recoil System 87
Cycle of Operation 87
Analysis of Short Recoil 89
Bolt Velocity
Blowback Action 01
Action of Accelerating Device 03
Timing of Various Operations 07
Mathematical Analysis of Short Recoil 08
1. Conditions of Free Recoil 09
2. Effect of Blowback Before Acceleration and Computation of
Unlocking Time 101
3. Selection of Spring Characteristics 103
4. Theoretical Time-Travel and Time-Velocity Curves Before
Acceleration 103
5. Motions During Period of Bolt Acceleration 105
6. Barrel Recoil Motion After Acceleration 112
7. Bolt Kecoil Motion After Acceleration 114
8. Reversing Action of Backplate Buffer 115
0. Motion of Bolt After Reversal at Backplate 117
10. Motion of Barrel Before Accelerator is Reengaged 118
11. Return Motion of Barrel and Bolt During Action of Accelerating
Lever 120
12. Barrel and Bolt Motion After 0.0441 Second 123
3 Gas Operation 126
Principles of Gas Operation 126
Gas System of Operation 131
Cycle of Operation 131
Analysis of Gas Operation 133
Amount of Piston Energy Obtainable 134
Timing of Piston Travel 139
Transfer of Energy From Piston to Bolt 140
Motions of Gun Mechanism in Rccoil 145
Forward Motion of Gun Parts 140
Mathematical Analysis of Gas Operation 140
1. Conditions of Free Recoil 152
2. Effect of Blowback Before Piston Strikes Bolt and Computation of Unlocking Time 156
3. Selection of Barrel Spring Characteristics and Determination of
Counter-Recoil Velocity 158
4. Effect of Using Advanced Primer Ignition on Free Recoil Before
Unlocking Occurs 150
Chapter Page
3 Gas Operation—Continued
Gas System of Operation—Continued
Mathematical Analysis of Gas Operation—Continued
5. Theoretical Time-Travel and Time-Velocity Curves Before
Unlocking Occurs 159
6. Theoretical Time-Travel and Time-Velocity Curves After Un locking and Selection of Bolt Driving Spring Characteristics. . 161
7. Impact of Piston on Bolt 164
8. Design of Gas Mechanism and Analysis of Piston Motion ... 167
9. Theoretical Time-Travel and Time-Velocity Curves After Piston
Impact 168
10. Analvsis of Events at End of Recoil 172
11. Counter-Recoil Motions of Bolt and Gun 174
12. Gun Motion After Bolt Locks to Barrel 176
4 Rotary Chamber Mechanisms 178
Historical Background of the Revolver 178
Principles of Multiple Chamber Weapons 183
Principles of Rotary Chamber Mechanisms 197
Cycle of Operation 197
Analysis of Rotary Action Features 198
PART XI—SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE
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